Flexible Phase-Domain Synchronous-Machine Model with Internal Fault for Protection Relay Testing and related Real-Time Implementation Issues

This paper presents a real-time phase-domain synchronous machine model for generator protection relay testing and its real-time implementation. The model allows full protection scheme validation including split-phase differential and statorground fault protections. Space harmonics are considered through the use of modified winding function theory, which is used to represent arbitrary winding distributions and internal asymmetries, such as internal faults. The model and its theoretical basis are briefly presented; the real-time implementation, its results and the issues encountered in relation to the model computation complexity are discussed. Finally, the real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing of a generator protection relay is detailed.